Drupal

Drupal is an open-source content management system created by Dries Buytaert in 2001, used to build and manage websites of all sizes. The platform runs on PHP and provides a structured framework for creating web pages, blogs, e-commerce stores, and government portals. Drupal organizes content through a flexible taxonomy system and supports custom content types with field-based data structures. The module ecosystem contains over 50,000 add-ons maintained by the community, covering functions like search engine optimization, multi-language translation, content access control, and workflow automation. Drupal uses an API-first architecture that allows the backend to serve content to mobile apps, digital displays, and other external systems through REST and GraphQL endpoints. The platform includes built-in tools for managing user roles and permissions, making it suitable for organizations with complex editorial hierarchies. Major universities including Stanford and MIT use Drupal for their web presence. Government agencies in the United States and European Union have adopted Drupal for public-facing websites due to its accessibility compliance and security audit processes. The Drupal Association organizes DrupalCon conferences worldwide, bringing together developers and site builders to share knowledge and contribute code. New major releases update the underlying technology stack, with Drupal 10 and 11 adopting modern PHP features, improved JavaScript handling through the Claro admin theme, and the CKEditor 5 rich text editor for content authoring.