Flyway Database Migration Tool

Flyway is an open-source database migration tool that provides version control for databases by managing incremental, ordered SQL scripts and applying them in sequence to evolve database schemas. Developed by Red Gate Software (headquartered in Cambridge, United Kingdom, founded in 1999), Flyway was originally created by Axel Fontaine in 2010 and acquired by Red Gate in 2019. Key features: migration scripts: database schema changes are stored as ordered SQL scripts (versioned migrations) or Java-based migrations, with each migration having a unique version number. Flyway tracks applied migrations in a dedicated schema history table (flyway_schema_history). Versioned migrations: SQL files named like V1__Create_table.sql, V2__Add_column.sql that are applied once in version order. Repeatable migrations: migrations named like R__Refresh_views.sql that are re-executed every time their checksum changes, useful for views, stored procedures, triggers, and functions. Undo migrations (Teams edition): reverse applied migrations. Baseline: set a baseline version for existing databases to start tracking from a known state. Callbacks: lifecycle hooks (beforeMigrate, afterMigrateError, beforeEachMigrate, etc.) for running custom SQL or scripts. Database support: Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, DB2, SQL Azure, Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, SAP HANA, Informix, CockroachDB, Derby, H2, HSQLDB, SQLite, Sybase ASE, ClickHouse, Firebird. Placeholder substitution: replace variables in SQL scripts at runtime. Out-of-order migrations: apply migrations out of their natural order. Configuration: via flyway.conf, environment variables, or programmatic API (Java). CI/CD integration: Maven plugin, Gradle plugin, Java API, CLI, Docker, Spring Boot auto-configuration, and Jenkins plugin. Apache-2.0 (Community Edition).