R: The R Project for Statistical Computing

R is a programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics providing a wide variety of statistical techniques and graphical methods for data analysis and visualization. The language is the de facto standard for statistical analysis in academia and data science with thousands of packages available through CRAN for virtually any statistical technique. RStudio provides an integrated development environment for R with tools for reproducible research and report generation. Data scientists and statisticians use R for everything from basic statistical tests to advanced machine learning algorithms.