Ruby Web Application Framework

Ruby on Rails is a full-stack Ruby web application framework built on the principles of convention over configuration, rapid development cycles, and programmer happiness, providing everything needed to create database-backed applications according to the model-view-controller pattern. The framework includes Active Record, an ORM layer that maps Ruby objects to database rows with migrations, validations, associations, callbacks, and support for PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, SQL Server, and Oracle. Action Pack combines routing and controller logic with parameter handling, strong parameters for mass assignment protection, and concurrent request processing. Action View renders templates with embedded Ruby, partials, layouts, form builders, and helpers for dates, text, numbers, and URLs. Action Mailer handles email composition and delivery with multipart messages, attachments, and background processing. Action Cable integrates WebSockets for real-time features like chat, notifications, and live updates within the same application process. Active Storage provides file upload and attachment management with disk, Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Azure Blob backends, including image transformation and variant processing. Action Text brings rich text editing with Trix, producing clean HTML with embedded attachments. The recent major release introduced Solid Queue for database-backed job processing, Solid Cache for database caching, and Solid Cable for database-backed websockets, reducing external dependencies. Kamal provides zero-downtime deployment to any cloud or bare metal server, replacing complex container orchestration with a simple SSH-based approach. Propshaft serves as the modern asset pipeline, replacing Sprockets with faster, simpler static asset compilation. The framework defaults to SQLite for production deployment on containerized single-server setups, challenging assumptions about managed database requirements for many applications.