SQLite

SQLite is a C-language library that implements a small, fast, self-contained, high-reliability, full-featured SQL database engine. Created by D. Richard Hipp in 2000, SQLite is the most widely deployed database engine in the world, running on every Android device (over 3 billion), every iOS device, in every web browser (via WebSQL/WASM builds), on most desktop applications, and in countless embedded systems. Unlike client-server database engines like PostgreSQL or MySQL, SQLite is embedded directly into the application process, reading and writing directly to ordinary disk files with no separate server process. Key features include: zero-configuration (no setup or administration needed), serverless architecture (the database is a single cross-platform file), single-file storage format that is stable and backward-compatible across all SQLite versions since 2004 (version 3 format), full ACID transactions with atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable commit using a rollback journal or Write-Ahead Logging (WAL mode for concurrent readers and a single writer), SQL-92 standard compliance with many SQL-99 and SQL-2003 features (including window functions, CTEs, JSON functions, and UPSERT since version 3.24), maximum database size of 281 terabytes, up to 2GB per blob, full-text search via FTS5 module, R-tree module for spatial indexing, custom SQL functions and collations in C or application languages, prepared statements with parameter binding, triggers and views, foreign key constraints, partial indexes, expression indexes, common table expressions (recursive and non-recursive), generated columns, and the ability to compile to WebAssembly for browser use. The entire library is approximately 750KB in size.