Ruby Programming Language

Ruby is a dynamic, open-source programming language created by Yukihiro Matsumoto, known as Matz, in 1993 and released in 1995, designed with a focus on simplicity, productivity, and natural readability, combining the expressive syntax of Perl with the object-oriented purity of Smalltalk, powering the Ruby on Rails framework adopted by GitHub, Shopify, Airbnb, Stripe, Twitch, and Basecamp. The object-oriented design treats everything as an object including numbers and strings, with every operation being a method call, while the class-based inheritance with mixin modules provides flexible code reuse. The blocks and iterators are the signature feature, enabling concise iteration and callback patterns through block syntax, creating elegant functional programming idioms for data transformation and resource management. The metaprogramming capabilities enable classes to define methods dynamically at runtime, with method missing for handling undefined calls, define method for programmatic creation, and open classes allowing modification of existing classes including standard library classes. The gem ecosystem through RubyGems hosts over one hundred seventy thousand packages. The Ruby on Rails framework uses convention over configuration. Designed for web developers, system administrators, and programming enthusiasts.